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Cambridge Book 14 Test 2 Reading Answer with Explanation

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Cambridge Book 14 Test 2 Reading Answer has three distinct section, each with the explanation of answer.

Answer of Alexander Henderson (1831-1913) with Explanation is taken from IELTS Academic Reading: Cambridge 14, Reading Test 2: Passage 1 is aimed for candidates who have major problems in finding IELTS Reading Answers.

Answer of Alexander Henderson (1831-1913) with Explanation

  • The answers appear in the same order in the text as the order of the statements
  • You don’t need to read the whole text. First, you will scan for keywords and then you’ll read in detail the section in which they’re located for the answer.
  • There will be at least one of each answer type – True, False, Not Given. So, if you don’t have at least one of each when you’ve completed the question, you’ve made a mistake.
  •  Identify any words that qualify the statement, for example, some, all, mainly, often, always and occasionally. These words are there to test if you have read the whole statement because they can change the meaning. For example, ‘Coca-Cola has always made its drinks in the U.S.A.’ has a different meaning from ‘Coca-Cola has mainly made its drinks in the U.S.A.’
  • The statements won’t be a word-for-word match to the information in the text. They will contain synonyms and paraphrasing. It’s the meaning that you are trying to match.
  • Remember that at least one answer will be NG. This means that you will be searching for information that is not there.
  • Don’t answer based on your assumptions
  • If you can’t find the information you are looking for, then it is probably ‘not given’. Don’t waste time looking for something that is not there.
  • If you have no idea what the answer is put ‘not given’. You probably have no idea because the answer is not there.
  • Don’t write yes for True, No for false.
AnswerKeywordsLocationExplanation
1. FalseHenderson, Press estatePara 1, last linesScan for the keywords: Henderson, Press estate which is in para1. No need to search for the synonyms if noun.

Now read this line “Alexander (Henderson) spent much of his childhood in the area”…

This means he often stayed in the Press estate (the area) when he was younger. It is contradictory to the question. Therefore, FALSE.
2. Truebusiness career, family wanted  Para 2, line 2Now read this line “.In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although, he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family.”

He stayed with it to please his family means that he only pursued a business career because his family wanted him to do so. Thus, it is clear that the statement is TRUE.
3.Not GivenHenderson, Notman, 1865Para 3According to this paragraph Henderson and Notman carried out an experiment with magnesium flares. There is no reference, however, to the results of the experiment or about the men‟s reaction towards such results. Hence Not Given
4.similarities, landscapes, Henderson, NotmanPara 4, line 1Now read this line “In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notman’s landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images, showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition.”

Their styles of photography were quite different means that that the works of Henderson and Notman did not have much similarities. It is contradictory to the question. Therefore, FALSE.
5.Not GivenThe location of the studio is not mentioned.
6.Truegave up, taking photographs,Para 5, line 2No direct keywords hence search for landscape photography and other views =photography of scenery, dropped gave up.

Now read this line “From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views.”

The word “specialize” implies that he wanted to focus his efforts on only one kind of photography, so this statement is TRUE.
7. FalseIntercolonial Railway, Montreal to Halifax linePara 7, line 5-8Search for the keywords; paragraph 7, Intercolonial Railway, Montreal to Halifax line

Now read this line “That same year, while in the lower St. Lawrence River region, he took some photographs of the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax.

Almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax suggest that the Montreal to Halifax line was not yet completed at that time. It is contradictory to the question. Therefore, FALSE.
8.last work, photographer, Canadian Pacific Para 8Search for the keywords and synonyms of last work, photographer, Canadian Pacific which is in para 8.

Now read this line “In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR (Canadian Pacific Railway) as manager of a photographic department …He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.”

Thus, it can be understood that his last photography work (before retiring) was with the CPR. The statement is TRUE.
9. merchantScotland, 1831Para 1 line 1Now read this line “Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant.”
10. equipmentHenderson’s, photography,
time, heavy
Para 5, line 6-10Now read this line “Henderson, therefore, did not have much competition…. There are two reasons for this: “time-consuming techniques” and the“weight of the equipment”.

Time-consuming techniques means taking up considerable time, and the latter as “heavy equipment”. Thus, the answer is “equipment”.
11. giftsHenderson, sold, souvenirsPara5, line 6-10Now read this line “people wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts”. Therefore, it is clear that the blank should be filled with “gifts”.
12. canoemany trips, eastern rivers Para 7, line 1Now read this line  “In the 1870s and 1880s Henderson travelled widely throughout Quebec and Ontario. . .. . . .. .He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lievre, and other noted eastern rivers.”

Often travelled by canoe suggest that Henderson made many trips (travelled widely) in a canoe.
13. mountainsCPR, 1885, Rogers Pass Para 7, last lineNow read the line “In 1885 he went west long the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.”

He took the photos of two things: progress of Roger pass and the mountains. So mountains is the answer.

Answer of Back to the Future of Skyscraper Design with Explanation is taken from IELTS Academic Reading: Cambridge 14, Reading Test 2: Passage 2 and is aimed for candidates who have major problems in finding IELTS Reading Answers.

Answer of Back to the Future of Skyscraper Design with Explanation is divided into three parts for your ease of navigating answer, passage, and questions, all at the same time.

Answer of Back to the Future of Skyscraper Design with Explanation 

  • Answers are never in order
  • Some paragraphs may not have an answer at all and some could contain more than one answer.
  • Do this question at last. Each text will have several types of questions attached to it. If you do the matching information question last, you will have a good understanding of the passage by the time you get to it. This will make it easier and quicker to complete.
  • This is not matching heading so you may not find your answer in the first and last sentence of the paragraph always
  • You need to be aware of synonyms
  • Search for the questions with names, numbers, places and dates information to match first. It is more easy to locate them.
  1. You need not read the whole text in detail, just the part that is summarised, so scanning is the best skill.
  2. The answers are usually in the same order in the text as the order of the missing words.
  3. Take care of the word limit, e.g. NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
  4. When you’ve entered your answer, check the sentence to ensure that it is grammatically correct. Should the gap be filled with a verb, noun, adjective or adverb? If your answer makes the sentence grammatically wrong, then you have the wrong answer.
  5. Look for synonyms and paraphrases in the text rather than words that directly match.
  6. If it is the summary with answers, there will be more words in the list than there are gaps in the summary to fill so you won’t need them all.
  7. Cross the wrong answer through in pencil which does not fit the grammar
  8. If you’re struggling to find a specific missing word, take an educated guess and move on
AnswerKeywordsLocationExplanation
14. Favoided, hospitals, 19thPara F, Line 1Keywords hospitals, 19th are obvious in para F.

Now read this line “Much of the ingenuity present in 19th-century hospital and building design was driven by a panicked public clamoring for buildings that could protect against what was thought to be the lethal threat of miasmas – toxic air that spread disease.”

Above lines suggest that 19th-century people were terrified , people were shouting against such buildings. Here, building = hospitals. This means they were avoiding hospitals at that time.
15. Cpopularity, tall buildings, prestigePara C, Line lastNo direct keywords but synonyms; tall buildings= skyscrapers, status= prestige.

Now read this “Short regards glass, steel and air-conditioned skyscrapers as symbols of status, rather than practical ways of meeting our requirements”.

Above line means the tall buildings (skyscrapers) symbolizes status (prestige).
16. Eair, 19th century, modernPara E, Line 1Now read this line “We discovered that 19th century hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes an hour – that’s similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer-controlled operating theatre.”

This is a clear comparison on the circulation of air between 19th century building and modern day buildings.
17. Dpotential savingsSearch for the keyword potential savings and you will find safe in Para D.


Now read this line “We spent three years digitally modeling Billings’ final designs”, says Short. “We put pathogens in the airstreams, modeled for someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the wards and we found the ventilation systems in the room would have kept other patients safe from harm.”

This is a description of how Short tested the circulation of air in Johns Hopkins Hospital building which was built in the 19th Century.
18. Badvertising, air conditioning,Search for the Keywords and synonyms for this question: advertising= marketed, air conditioning. They are obvious in para B.

Now read this line “…before the widespread introduction of air conditioning systems, which were ‘relentlessly and aggressively marketed’ by their inventors.”

Therefore, it can be paraphrased that advertising led to the large increase in the use of air conditioning.
19. design/sAlan short, examined, John Shaw BillingsPara DSearch for the keywords in para D.

Now read this line “Short’s book highlights a developing and sophisticated art and science of ventilating buildings through the 19th and earlier-20th centuries, including the design of ingeniously ventilated hospitals. Of particular interest were those built to the designs of John Shaw Billings, including the first John Hopkins Hospital in the US city of Baltimore (1873-1889).” 

Implies Alan Short examined the works of John Shaw Billings, whose works influenced the designs of hospitals with great ventilation.
20 & 21.
pathogens & tuberculosis
calculated, air, patients, harmedPara DScan for the keywords in para D. “patients= someone with tuberculosis“, “calculated= digitally modelling“, air and harm are obvious.

Now read intensively “We spent three years digitally modelling Billings’ final designs,” says Short. “We put pathogens in the airstreams, modeled for someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the wards and we found the ventilation systems in the room would have kept other patients safe from harm.”

So, He calculated pathogens in the air coming from patients suffering from TB would not have harmed other patients.
22. wardsair,
hospitals, often modern
operating theatre
Keywords are easy to scan in para E.

Now read this line intensively “We discovered that 19th-century hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes an hour – that’s similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer-controlled operating theatre.”

This means that the air in hospitals wards could change as often as in a modern operating theatre.
23. communalenergy, reduced, locating, patients,Para EScan for the keywords in para E.

Now read this line intensively “Communal wards appropriate for certain patients – older people with dementia, for example – would work just as well in today’s hospitals, at a fraction of the energy cost.”

Hence, He suggests that energy use could be reduced (at a fraction of the energy cost) by locating more patients in communal areas (Communal wards).
24 & 25.
public & miasmas
19th-century hospital, ventilationPara FScan for the Keywords in paragraph F.

Now read this line intensively, “Much of the ingenuity present in 19th-century hospital and building design was driven by a panicked public clamouring for buildings that could protect against what was thought to be lethal threat of miasmas – toxic air that spread disease.”

Here, the lines suggest that the public demanded protection against miasmas.
26. choleraepidemics, London
and Paris,
Para F, line 3Scan for the keywords in para F.

Now read this line intensively “Miasmas were feared as the principal agents of disease and epidemics for centuries, and were used to explain the spread of infection from the Middle Ages right through to the cholera outbreaks in London and Paris during in 1850s.”

Meaning that London and Paris city suffered from the epidemics (outbreaks) of cholera.

Answer of Why Companies Should Welcome Disorder with Explanation is taken from IELTS Academic Reading: Cambridge 14, Reading Test 2: Passage 3 and is aimed for candidates who have major problems in finding IELTS Reading Answers.

Answer of Why Companies Should Welcome Disorder with Explanation

  • The answers will not come in the same order in the text as the order of the list of statements.
  • You may not need to read all paragraphs, first see the question which states the paragraphs you need to find headings for
  • The answer, sometimes, will not necessarily be in the main idea of a paragraph
  • Do this question first.
  • Expect lots of synonyms.
  • You can narrow down the match of statement and paragraph by a process of elimination. For any specific statement, there will be options that are clearly not a match.
  • Take more time than other questions to complete.
  • There are more headings than paragraphs.
  • Headings that only include specific details rather than the main idea may mislead you
  • Do not try to match the heading with the same words that are in the paragraph.
  • The first sentence is not always enough to find a perfect heading.
  • Pay attention to the headings that are similar to one another.
  • Skim the paragraph to get a general idea.
  • You should either use numerals (i.e., i or v) or letters (i.e., a, b, c) when listing the headings
  • Read all the headings before picking anyone.
AnswerKeywordsLocationExplanation
27. viSkim Section A and underline (bold here) the keywords as you keep on reading.

“we ought to organise our company, our home life, our week, our day and even our sleep, all as a means to becoming more productive. Every week, countless seminars and workshops take place around the world to tell a paying public that they ought to structure their lives in order to achieve this.”

These lines suggest that people are increasingly (becoming) expected (ought to) to organise their companies (what).
28. i“Ironically, however, the number of businesses that fail has also steadily increased. Work-related stress has increased. A large proportion of workers from all demographics claim to be dissatisfied with the way their work is structured and the way they are managed.”

Fails, stress, and dissatisfaction are the Complaints about the impact of a management (certain approach).
29. iiiSkim this line “Writing in the first half of the 20th century, he designed a number of principles to improve the efficiency of the work process, which have since become widespread in modern companies.”

This paragraph talks about the reference of some recommendations regarding business activities which was given in the first half of the 20th century (early).
30. iiSkim this line “New research suggests that this obsession with efficiency is misguided.”

It means that the beliefs regarding efficiency are misguided or incorrect.
31. ixSkim these lines “What’s more, recent studies show that order actually has diminishing returns.” and “Order does increase productivity to a certain extent, but eventually the usefulness of the process of organisation, and the benefit it yields, reduce until the point where any further increase in order reduces productivity.”

They mean that order does more damage than progress.
32. viiSkim through the line “These environments can lead to new solutions that, under conventionally structured environments …….. would never be reached.”

This implies that a new approach can achieve outcomes that are impossible under the current practice.
33. ivThis section discusses the new approach – disorganisation, which has been embraced by many organisations such as Google, General Electric, Oticon, etc.
34. viiiSkim this line “This research also shows that we should continually question whether or not our existing assumptions work.”

whether or not our existing assumptions work means there is no guarantee that any approach may work.
35. productiveraining sessions, aimed at, people who feelPara 2, sec A, line 2No direct keywords so Scan for the synonym & similar keywords: countless= numerous, people= public, sessions= seminars, aimed at= to tell.

Now read this line intensively “We are told that we ought to organise our company, our home life, our week, our day and even our sleep, all as a means to becoming more productive. Every week, countless seminars and workshops take place around the world to tell a paying public that they ought to structure their lives in order to achieve this.”

The lines suggest that countless seminars and workshops (Numerous training sessions) are targeted at people who are not productive.
36. perfectionistsorganized, appeals, people, regard themselvesPara 2, Sec AScan for the keyword “regard themselves= self-proclaimed“.

Now read intensively “This rhetoric has also crept into the thinking of business leaders and entrepreneurs, much to the delight of self proclaimed perfectionists with the need to get everything right.”

This means that being organised appeals to perfectionists.
37. dissatisfiedmany people feel, workPara 1, Sec BScan for the Keywords: large proportion of workers = Many people.

The answer is in paragraph no. 1 of Section B. “A large proportion of workers from all demographics claim to be dissatisfied with the way their work is structured and the way they are managed.”

Hence, a large proportion of workers are dissatisfied with their work because the way it is structured and the way they are managed.
38. truebusinesses and people, considering, value,   Sect DScan for the Keywords in sect D: “businesses and people”, “considering= looking at”   

Now read intensively “The result is that businesses and people spend time and money organising themselves for the sake of organising, rather than actually looking at the end goal and structure of such an effort.”

They “spend time and money organising” rather
than actually “looking at the usefulness of such an effort”.
39. falseinnovation, successful, people involved,Sect FScan for the Keywords: innovation, most successful= best approach, people involved= engaged.

Read intensively this line “In fact, research shows that, when innovating, the best approach is to create an environment devoid of structure and hierarchy and enable everyone to engage as one organic group.”

So, the lines suggest that if people work together as one organic group, innovation is most successful, not if people have distinct roles.
40. not givenGoogle, inspired, adopt, flexibility, success, General ElectricSect GWhile scanning the Keywords look in sect G.

Whether Google was or was not inspired to adopt flexibility by General Electric is not made clear.

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